Vertical Vacuum Furnace Working Principle

Vertical vacuum furnace is a protective furnace for heated objects in vacuum environment. There are many heating modes, such as resistance heating, induction heating, microwave heating and so on. Vacuum induction furnace is a kind of furnace which uses induction heating to protect heated objects. It can be divided into power frequency, intermediate frequency, high frequency and other types, and can be classified as a subcategory of vertical vacuum furnace.

Vacuum induction furnace is a complete set of equipment for the production of cemented carbide, dysprosium metal and ceramics by using the principle of medium frequency induction heating under vacuum or protective atmosphere.

The main principle and application of vacuum induction tungsten furnace is to make tungsten crucible in coil produce high temperature under the protection of hydrogen after vacuum pumping. It is conductive to work through heat radiation. It is suitable for powder forming of refractory alloys such as tungsten, molybdenum and their alloys by scientific research and military units. Secondly, the main structure and composition of the structure are mostly vertical and discharge mode. Its main components are: electric furnace body, vacuum system, water cooling system, pneumatic system, hydraulic system, feeding and discharging mechanism, base, worktable, induction heating device (tungsten heater and advanced thermal insulation material), power supply device, medium frequency power supply and electrical control system, etc. 3. The main function is to fill the hydrogen protective gas after vacuum evacuation to control the pressure and atmosphere in the furnace. Optical fibre infrared radiation thermometer and armored thermocouple can be used to continuously measure temperature (0-2500 C). After comparing with the setting program, the intelligent temperature controller can choose to implement state feedback to medium frequency power supply, automatically control the temperature and heat preservation program.

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Induction Furnace Melting Cast Iron

The process of iron melting in induction furnace is relatively stable, the composition is easy to adjust, the temperature is easy to control, and the burning loss in the melting process is less. In particular, compared with cupola, the consumption of nodular cast iron is conducive to obtaining low-sulfur liquid iron, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, the quality of castings is relatively stable, and low-cost raw materials can also be applied. But everything always has duality. In the consumption theory of iron melting by induction furnace, there are also some casting defects, which are the common and easy-to-produce specificity of induction furnace.

(1) With the increase of whiteness and undercooling, the number of nuclei in liquid iron of induction furnace is less than that of cupola. It is concluded that with the prolongation of holding time and the improvement of melting (superheating) temperature, the root structure of cast iron varies, the number of eutectic clusters decreases, and the whitening depth increases gradually.

(2) The structure of D-type and E-type graphite presents. When the molten iron is superheated to a higher temperature and kept warm for a long time, the number of A-type graphite is easily reduced in the obtained hypoeutectic gray iron. The proportion of D-type and E-type graphite increases and the degree of supercooling increases in the obtained cast iron structure. This kind of undercooled graphite affects the cutting performance of mechanical processing. The strength and hardness of cast iron will be affected by the prolongation of holding time when the amount of ferrite in the root structure of cast iron increases and the graphite of D and E type appears.

(3) Shrinkage and external shrinkage of iron castings. As the molten iron keeps warm for a long time, casting defects will appear in cast iron. In addition to the increase of whiteness tendency and the dissimilation of matrix structure mentioned above, shrinkage holes and external shrinkage defects will also occur during solidification. Thin-walled castings (single cast piston rings) are prone to excessive edge hardness or whiteness defects; mechanical parts with large wall thickness difference are prone to produce unfamiliar looseness, shrinkage or shrinkage holes at the thick wall of castings. Create defects. In addition to the effect of long-term heat preservation of molten iron, it is also related to the heavy oxidation of metal burden which takes part in rusting.

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Vacuum Oil Quenching Furnace widespreadness

Vacuum oil quenching furnace is suitable for vacuum heat treatment of die steel, spring steel, stainless steel, bearing steel, superalloy steel, etc. Its main characteristics are wide range of suitable materials, strong hardenability, low cost and reusable quenching oil. The shortcomings are: the deformation is relatively large, and the workpiece needs to be cleaned in the follow-up. The vacuum oil quenching furnace can be divided into two-chamber furnace and three-chamber furnace.

For gas quenching furnaces, oil quenching furnaces are more suitable for processing small pieces of materials with higher hardenability (such as 35CrMnSi small pieces) and high hardenability materials. Oil quenching furnaces are more widely used than the former, because the maximum cooling rate of high pressure gas is much lower than that of quenching oil, but the operation and maintenance of gas quenching furnaces are simpler than the latter. In a word, the choice of furnace is mainly based on the heat treatment performance of the product.

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Vacuum Furnace Installation

Vacuum furnaces may not be new to everyone, but there will be various problems about the equipment of vacuum furnaces, so how to install the vacuum furnaces correctly? How to use the vacuum furnaces correctly?

When installing graphite electrothermal elements and water-cooled electrodes in vacuum furnace, attention should be paid to:

1. Be extremely careful when taking graphite components to prevent damage.
2. To tighten the bolt firmly to reach good electrical contact, do not exert too much force to prevent thread breaking.
2. The layout, installation location and civil conditions of the vacuum furnace provided in the reference paper. Choose the location of the Eternal Equipment and stop the civil construction. The installation site should be free of smoke and dust pollution, clean environment and dry air. It should not be put together with other equipment. It should adhere to the room temperature of 10-35 degrees Celsius, and the air should be smooth and bright.
3. Connect the pipeline to the refilling pipeline according to the vacuum furnace refilling system diagram, and propose to provide high purity nitrogen with purity of 99.99%-99.999% as refilling gas.
4. According to the water cooling system diagram, the intake and drainage pipes are connected to the inlet and drainage ports of the furnace respectively, providing water sources with pressure of 0.1-0.15 MPa, temperature of no less than 15 C and no higher than 30 C. It is better to provide circulating water and rust-proof water.
Fifth, according to the vacuum system diagram, the vacuum system is positioned, assembled and connected with the furnace body. When assembling, the O-ring is coated with a thin layer of vacuum grease, and the flange is tightened evenly.
6. The furnace body and control box of the vacuum furnace are grounded, and the grounding resistance is less than 4 Euros. The gauge cable of the instrument and the vacuum gauge should also be grounded.
7. Connect the power supply to the corresponding electrical connection points according to the electrical wiring diagram, check the voltage of the power supply, connect the control box, the power box and the wire and cable between the furnace body.
8. Provide a pneumatic air source with a minimum pressure of 0.5 MPa. Industrial nitrogen can be used. If compressed air is used, self-contained pneumatic "three parts" (such as oil mist, pressure reducer and water separator) will be provided.
9. Other parts of vacuum furnace, including conduits, measuring instruments, etc.

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High Temperature Vacuum Atmosphere Furnace Cautions

Here are some points for attention in the use of high temperature vacuum furnace

1. Workpiece-workpiece truck must be cleaned and dried before it enters the furnace to prevent water and dirt from entering the furnace.

2. When each transmission part finds clamp position, inaccurate limit, control failure and other phenomena, it should be eliminated immediately, and not be forced to operate, so as to avoid damage to the machine parts.

3. High-temperature vacuum furnace should not be overloaded. The maximum operating temperature of high-temperature vacuum furnace refers to the allowable surface temperature of components in vacuum, not the temperature of heating materials or the temperature around heating elements. It should be noted that the temperature of the vacuum electrothermal element itself is 100 C higher than that of the surrounding medium or the heated temperature.

4. When measuring the temperature uniformity of high temperature vacuum furnace, attention should be paid to the location and binding of temperature measuring contacts, as well as the distance from heating elements. In high temperature vacuum furnace, brushes, brooms, compressed air and vacuum cleaners are often used to clean the furnace (at least every day or before each shift is used). Impurities such as oxide scales in the furnace should be prevented from falling on the electric heating elements, short circuit occurring, and even burning molybdenum heating rods. The bottom plate, molybdenum heating rod, furnace insulation layer and other heat-resistant steel components should be cleaned up every time they are used for a period of time. Striking is strictly prohibited, and the oxide scales can be carefully removed. If impurities such as iron oxide scale are not removed in time, there will be a fire between the melting point and the insulation layer, which will melt the molybdenum wire.

5. To avoid reactions between heating elements and products, especially contact with vacuum heating elements such as copper, aluminium, zinc, tin and lead, no matter fine powder, molten liquid or steam, to prevent corrosion on the surface of electric heater from forming "pits" with smaller cross-section, and finally overheating and burning.

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Induction Furnace working Principle

Vacuum induction furnace is a complete set of equipment which makes use of the principle of medium frequency induction heating to make cemented carbide cutters and various metal powder compacts under vacuum or protective atmosphere.

Designed for industrial production of cemented carbide, dysprosium metal and ceramics. VSWF Vacuum Induction Tungsten Hydrogen Furnace I. Main Principles and Applications Vacuum Induction Tungsten Furnace Fills Hydrogen after Vacuum Extraction

Under the protective condition, the tungsten crucible in the coil can produce high temperature by using the principle of medium frequency induction heating, which can be transmitted to work by thermal radiation. It is suitable for scientific research and military units to refractory.

Powder forming of alloys such as tungsten, molybdenum and their alloys. Secondly, the main structure and composition of the structure are mostly vertical and discharge mode. Its main components are: electric furnace body, vacuum system,Water cooling system, pneumatic system, hydraulic system, feeding and discharging mechanism, base, worktable, induction heating device (tungsten heater and advanced thermal insulation material), feeding device, medium frequency power supply and electricity

Gas control system, etc. 3. The main function is to fill hydrogen protection gas after vacuum pumping to control the pressure and atmosphere in the furnace. Optical fibre infrared radiation thermometer and armoured heat Coupler continuous temperature measurement (0-2500 C), and through the intelligent temperature controller compared with the setting program, select the execution state feedback to the intermediate frequency power supply, automatic control of temperature and insulation range.

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Vacuum Tube Furnace Working Principle

How does the vacuum tubular furnace work in reducing atmosphere?

In order to work in reducing atmosphere, how to use mixed reducing gas considering safety and cost? Here are three problems we may encounter.

1. A mixture of hydrogen and argon, or a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen? What's the proportion?

Answer: High-purity nitrogen is cheaper than high-purity argon. If nitrogen does not affect the reaction, it is also economical to use nitrogen. The concentration of hydrogen is as low as possible and the surface area of solid is as large as possible. High temperature vacuum furnace.

2. Buy two bottles of pure gas separately and mix them again, or a bottle of mixed gas from a manufacturer?

Answer: It's better to mix by oneself, and the proportion requirement is not very precise. It's OK to use float flowmeter, and the proportion can be changed at any time. Manufacturers are allocated according to measurement standards, the price is relatively expensive. Of course, you need to pay more for a cylinder. High temperature vacuum furnace.

3. In addition to vacuum tubular furnace and gas, do you need any special accessories when using this reducing gas?

Answer: Other special accessories are not needed. Just remember to drain the exhaust gas outdoors.

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