Consumable electrodes are made of melted materials (i.e. furnace charge), which are gradually consumed in the process of vacuum strip throwing furnace melting, while non-consumable electrodes are made of high melting point materials such as tungsten, which are basically not consumed in the process of furnace charge melting. Vacuum arc furnace with consumable electrodes is called self-consuming electrode arc furnace, which is short for self-consuming electrode arc furnace. Vacuum arc furnace with non-consumable electrodes is called non-consumable electrode arc furnace, which is short for non-consumable electrode arc furnace.
At present, non-consumable electrode smelting has been less used, and consumable electrode smelting has been widely used in production practice, becoming one of the main means of secondary remelting. Crucibles for vacuum arc melting are usually made of copper and cooled by water outside, which is called water-cooled copper crystallizer.
In vacuum strip-throwing furnace, consumable electrodes (melted materials) can be connected with negative electrodes, and water-cooled copper crystals can be connected with positive electrodes. Arc discharge occurs between the two poles after electrification, which converts electric energy into heat energy and produces high temperature to melt materials. In the melting process, the liquid metal droplets fall into the metal melting pool after passing through the high temperature arc zone, and solidify into ingots in the water-cooled copper crystallizer. Through a series of physical and chemical reactions between liquid metal and gas as well as in the molten pool, the purpose of improving the purity of metal and its crystalline structure and properties is achieved.
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