Annealing process of bell annealing furnace

The bell annealing furnace generally uses hydrogen or hydrogen-nitrogen mixture gas as protective gas, but hydrogen has better heat conductivity than hydrogen-nitrogen, and 100% hydrogen has stronger decarbonization ability than hydrogen-nitrogen. The bell annealing furnace using hydrogen as protective gas has less carbon slag content and more uniform mechanical characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to use hydrogen as protective gas in some metallurgical industries. It has been widely used. So what is the annealing process of such a bell annealing furnace? How does it complete the annealing of the workpiece?

The main process equipment of all-hydrogen bell annealing furnace includes annealing hearth, inner cover, heating cover, cooling cover and valve station with supply and discharge pipes, etc. At the beginning of annealing, the coils that need to be annealed should be stacked on the annealing hearth and hoisted with the inner cover. The hearth and the inner cover system and the hydrogen inlet valve should be tested for cold sealing. After the successful test, the nitrogen gas should be purged. At the same time, the heating cover should be hoisted and then ignited. When nitrogen purge meets the requirements, hydrogen purge is used to replace the nitrogen in the hood. The heating starts and the heating curve is selected according to different materials to control the temperature until the temperature of the coil core meets the requirements of the process.

In the process of full hydrogen bell annealing furnace, the cooling begins with the heating cover which is still on the hearth. First, air is injected into the heating cover, and then the heating cover is removed. Then the cooling cover is hoisted, and the air cooling inner cover of the surrounding environment is sucked by the fan above the cooling cover. When the circulating atmosphere inside the hood reaches the set temperature, the fan of the cooling hood should stop running. After a period of time, the spray cooling begins. When the temperature of the coil core reaches the set value, the cooling is finished and the cooling cover is removed. Then nitrogen is purged, hydrogen is replaced in the inner cover, the inner cover is removed, and the coil is lifted. This process is completed.

Oxygen-atmosphere-sintering-furnace

Metal-vacuum-annealing-furnace

Oil-and-Gas-Quenching-Double-chamber-Vacuum-Furnace

Various vacuum furnace functions

Vacuum furnaces mainly include three types: horizontal vacuum furnace, well vacuum furnace and vacuum sintering furnace. Vacuum furnaces are mainly used for the technical processing of materials under vacuum conditions. These three types of furnaces have their own unique functions.

Horizontal vacuum furnace: Under the vacuum condition, the integrated circuit and power electronic device production line processes the products, such as sintering, alloying, annealing and welding.

Well type vacuum furnace: semiconductor device sintering, sealing and welding, solar cell drying, soldering and metallized shell and other airtight packaging, sintering of glass containers and various parts under the protection of hydrogen and nitrogen.

Vacuum sintering furnace: electronic devices, thyristor modules, thermistors, magnetic materials, ceramic metallization industry in the vacuum environment for sintering, packaging, annealing, welding and other processes.

SPS-sintering-furnace

Vertical-Induction-Sintering-Furnace

Horizontal-High-Pressure-Sintering-Furnace

Diffusion furnace process characteristics

Diffusion furnace is one of the process equipment for the development of semiconductor devices such as transistors, thyristors and integrated circuits. It is mainly used in processes such as diffusion and oxidation.

The diffusion furnace is mainly composed of a control part, a purification part, a resistance heating furnace department, and a gas path part. The control part mainly controls the inlet and outlet, and the resistance heating furnace mainly controls the temperature part of the diffusion furnace, and the gas path mainly controls the flow rate of the diffusion source and the discharge amount of the exhaust gas.

The process control software of the diffusion furnace is used by pressing the "power on" button, starting the computer, and double-clicking the "diffusion monitoring system" icon to start the process control software. Enter your username and password to log in.

The temperature setting of the diffusion furnace mainly consists of three analog temperature controller patterns on the interface, corresponding to the three-stage temperature controller of the diffusion furnace.

The diffusion furnace is an electric resistance furnace that automatically controls the temperature. It consists of a temperature controller, a thyristor device and a furnace body. The furnace body is composed of a heat insulating material, a heating wire and a furnace tube. The temperature controller can control the device to automatically control the furnace temperature to keep the furnace temperature stable and uniform to meet the process requirements.

What-is-vacuum-heat-treatment-process

Vacuum-Induction-Suspension-Furnace

MIM-Degreasing-Sintering-Furnace

Diffusion Welding Equipment Welding Method

The temperature of diffusion welding equipment is an important welding parameter of diffusion welding. In a certain temperature range, the diffusion process accelerates with the increase of temperature, and the strength of the joint increases accordingly. However, the increase of temperature is limited by the conditions of high temperature strength of fixture, phase transformation and recrystallization of welding parts, and the temperature is higher than a certain value.

It has little effect on the quality of the joint. Therefore, the heating temperature of solid phase diffusion welding of most metal materials is set at 0.6 - 0.8 Tm (K), in which Tm is the melting point of base metal. Diffusion time, heat preservation and diffusion time are not independent variables, but closely related to temperature and pressure, and can vary in a wide range.

At higher temperatures and pressures, it takes only a few minutes; on the contrary, it takes hours. Diffusion welding with intermediate layer also depends on the thickness of intermediate layer and the requirement of joint composition and uniformity of structure. Higher pressure leads to higher quality joints, and the relationship between joint strength and pressure. When the grain size or surface roughness of the weldment is larger, the pressure required is also higher.

The upper limit of pressure is limited by the total deformation of the weldment and the capacity of the equipment. In addition to thermal isostatic pressure diffusion welding, it is usually 0.5-50 MPa. Welding is a kind of welding method which has been developed early and is still widely used in various arc welding methods. The arc burns between the end of the electrode and the surface of the welded workpiece.

Coatings under the action of arc heat can produce gas to protect arc on the one hand, on the other hand, slag can be produced to cover the surface of molten pool to prevent the interaction between molten metal and surrounding gas. The more important role of slag is to produce physical and chemical reactions with molten metal or to add alloying elements to improve the properties of weld metal.

Water-ring-vacuum-pump-price

What-is-vacuum-heat-treatment-process

Применение печи и операция

Как хорошо установить вакуумную печь для спекания под давлением

vacuum gas quenching furnace Internal structure

The vacuum gas quenching furnace mainframe is a horizontal and double chamber structure. The front chamber of the furnace body is a cooling chamber, the middle is a vacuum sealed and insulated gate valve, the rear chamber is a heating chamber, and the front and rear chambers have a furnace cover.

1. The vacuum gas quenching furnace body and the furnace cover are double-walled water-cooled structures. The inner and outer walls of the furnace are made of carbon steel plate, and the two ends are welded to the flange, and the cooling water is passed through. The intermediate gate valve body is provided with cooling water and is equipped with a high temperature resistant sealing ring. The sealing ring is not baked at a high temperature in the heating chamber with the movement of the valve plate, and has a long service life and is convenient to replace at the same time.

2. The heating chamber (furnace) is composed of a heat insulating layer, a heating element and a material table.

The heat insulation layer is a circular structure composed of graphite fiber felt. The heat insulation layer is fixed on the chamber frame composed of the porous steel mesh and the angle steel ring; the heat insulation layer of the gate valve is fixed on the valve plate and can move with the valve plate.


The heating element adopts a graphite tube, and the heating element is evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the heat insulating layer, and the furnace temperature is uniform and convenient to replace.

The table consists of a graphite column, a graphite hearth and an AL2O3 spacer on the hearth. This structure prevents the bonding of the tray and the graphite hearth at high temperatures.

3. The plug-in type intermediate gate valve is a composite structure with heat insulation and sealing. The four-bar linkage mechanism makes the heat insulation and vacuum sealing safe and reliable, and the inclined surface guide makes the gate valve operate smoothly and without vibration.

4. The front chamber is a cooling chamber, which can be oil quenched and air cooled. The upper part is a gas quenching chamber equipped with an air cooling system; the lower part is an oil quenching chamber, equipped with a lifting mechanism, an inlet and outlet mechanism, an oil stirring device and an oil heating device.

Air cooling system: The vacuum gas quenching furnace is composed of a high speed fan, a heat exchanger and a flow guiding device. When air-cooled, it is filled with high-purity nitrogen or high-purity argon gas, and a forced convection cycle is formed under the driving of a high-speed fan to achieve rapid air cooling of the workpiece.

Lifting mechanism: driven by a three-speed gear motor outside the vacuum gas quenching furnace, the lifting and lowering truck is driven by a screw and nut mechanism. The lift truck has three speeds, and the slow speed is adopted when feeding the material. When the oil is quenched, the slow start, the fast oil input and the slow speed are used.

Inlet and discharge mechanism: the motor reducer drives the sprocket to drive the chain inside the furnace, and the chain with the tensioning mechanism is equipped with a lever to drive the feeding of the feeding trolley.

Oil mixing system: The motor reducer drives the agitator below the material truck. The deflector can promote the reasonable circulation of the vacuum quenching oil and improve the cooling capacity of the quenching oil. The agitator is a standard part with low noise and high efficiency.

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Vacuum-Annealing-Furnace-Maintenance

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the-principle-of-vacuum-sintering-furnace

what-you-need-to-know-to-operate-vacuum-furnaces

Heat treatment vacuum furnace advantage

The heat treatment vacuum furnace has a wide range of points due to its low boiling point, so it is widely used. What are the advantages of the heat treatment vacuum furnace? Let's take a look at it together.

Advantages of heat treatment vacuum furnace:

1. It can be operated under vacuum and the safety is very good.

2. Regarding the high temperature and high pressure areas of the steel plate, it is different, which will extend the use time.

3. The planning is scientific and reasonable, and it can also save the area occupied.

4. The ability to exchange heat in the body, the power is very high, reducing the dregs of power.

5. Intelligent, able to complete automatic control and so on.

6. Since the heat exchanger is made of stainless steel, there is no pollution with regard to water quality.

7. Installation costs are cut a lot.

8. The power is high and the heat is fast, so a lot of fuel is saved.

Best-vacuum-annealing-furnace

Vacuum-Furnace-Classification

Vacuum-Annealing-Furnace-Vacuum-Systems-Several

Vacuum-Tempering-Furnace-Maintenance

Vacuum Furnace Production Process

Vacuum furnace is a kind of heat treatment method developed with the top industries such as fine machinery manufacturing, aerospace, national defense and so on. Especially in recent years, with the improvement of Parts'function and precision requirements, more and more attention has been paid to the accurate operation of vacuum furnace.

In general metallurgical heat treatment, people have done a lot of work on Modeling and optimization of metallurgical annealing furnace according to the target parameters of hot zone temperature, but because of the different mathematical models and treatment methods, although the necessary optimization effect has been achieved, the accurate control effect of temperature is not ideal. In addition, there are also some related studies and papers published on the modeling and optimization of the target parameters according to the workpiece temperature.

In order to get a better annealing temperature control effect, a more accurate mathematical model is needed to guide the annealing temperature control of vacuum furnace. Through thorough analysis of the working mechanism of vacuum furnace and combining with the actual production process, an optimized model is obtained. This model deals with the time lag of the temperature control of workpiece in the past, which leads to inaccurate operation. The phenomenon of reducing energy consumption and annealing time.

Vacuum-Tempering-Furnace-for-Metal-Material

Vacuum-Tempering-Furnace-of-Operation-Process

How-to-divide-the-insulation-layer-of-vacuum-furnace

Customized-Vacuum-Furnace-Design

Unidirectional Pressure Vacuum Hot Pressing Furnace

Usage of One-way Pressure Vacuum Hot Pressing Furnace

It is mainly used for rapid and high-grade hot pressing sintering of cermets, composite ceramics, nanophase materials, functionally gradient materials, mesoporous nano-thermoelectric materials, high melting point materials and refractories. It is widely used in Colleges and universities, scientific research institutes, industrial and mining enterprises to test and produce pilot furnaces.

Product Structure of Unidirectional Pressure Vacuum Hot Pressing Furnace

1. Welding double-layer water circulating furnace body with high quality carbon steel, the upper part of furnace body is double-layer water circulating flange structure furnace cover, the center of furnace cover is set up with water circulating stainless steel pressure head, the upper part of pressure head is the cross beam of press, the two sides of furnace body are the support frame of press cross beam, the lower part of furnace body is the base of press, the front center of furnace body is horizontally arranged with furnace door, and the back center of furnace body is set with flange knot. The structure is connected with the vacuum unit.

2. Vacuum Hot-pressing Sintering Furnace is mainly composed of furnace body, heater, thermocouple, circulating water cooling device, pressure head, pressure system and bracket, vacuum unit, temperature controller, connecting pipe, fire door and fire shield.

3. Furnace body is vertical structure and its size is 800(wide)*900(high).

4. Ways of entering and leaving abrasives: removing abrasives and products through lifting furnace body

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unique-aluminum-vacuum-brazing-capabilities

high-temperature-alloys-for-furnace-applications

How to select high quality vacuum heat treatment furnace

Vacuum heat treatment furnace is an important equipment to realize vacuum heat treatment. Vacuum treatment furnaces are widely used in vacuum tempering, aging, annealing and quenching of structural steels, heat-resistant alloys, precision alloys and materials. They can also be used in vacuum degassing, brazing and sintering.

1. Purchase of furnaces should take into account the universality of the process, i.e. a wide range of quenching and tempering temperatures. Especially, it is very convenient to temper high alloy steel directly without stoving after quenching.

2. Control system is the core part of vacuum heating furnace to ensure its reliability, perfection and importance. It is better to have monitoring and fault display, recording functions for imported equipment need to be equipped with remote monitoring functions so as to ensure the timeliness of fault handling and reduce maintenance costs.

3. The selection of vacuum furnace must satisfy the relationship between metal oxides and carbon monoxide equilibrium decomposition pressure according to the chemical composition and heating temperature of the parts to be heat treated. It should also be considered that not pursuing high vacuum degree will not only cause the volatilization of alloy elements, but also increase the investment cost of equipment configuration.

4. The forms and materials of heating elements in vacuum furnace are different to some extent. Generally, high quality graphite is made of plate and rod materials. The quality of heating elements is related to the heating speed and temperature. When choosing the heating elements, we should choose the high performance configuration as far as possible.

5. The reliability and sealing of vacuum system configuration are also very important. If it is unstable or poor sealing, it is easy to have the situation that the vacuum can not reach. At this time, it is possible to change the color or shape of the workpiece. Therefore, we must pay great attention to this aspect when choosing.

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Vacuum-Double-Chamber-Oil-and-Gas-Quenching-Furnace

Vacuum-Tempering-Furnace-for-Alloy-Steel

Vacuum-Annealing-Furnace-for-Soft-Magnetic-Material

Vacuum heat treatment technology

As the requirement for surface quality and deformation of dies is getting higher and higher, ordinary heat treatment can not meet the requirement. Vacuum heat treatment equipment has the characteristics of no oxidation, degassing, keeping the surface of parts bright, energy saving and high efficiency. Now it has been widely used in aviation industry and die industry.

Vacuum heat treatment, as its name implies, is heat treatment in vacuum state. Vacuum state is the so-called negative pressure. The lower the pressure, the greater the vacuum degree, the less the gas in vacuum equipment, and the smaller the oxygen content of parts, which can prevent oxidation. There are many kinds of vacuum heat treatment furnace, such as vacuum annealing furnace, vacuum quenching furnace, vacuum tempering furnace, vacuum carburizing furnace, vacuum brazing furnace and vacuum sintering furnace.

Vacuum heat treatment furnace has high thermal efficiency, can achieve rapid heating and cooling, can achieve no oxidation, no decarbonization, no carburization, can remove the phosphorus chip on the surface of the workpiece, and has the function of degreasing and degassing, so as to achieve the effect of surface bright purification. Generally speaking, the processed workpiece is heated slowly in the furnace, the difference of internal heat temperature is small, the thermal stress is small, so the deformation is small; it can reduce costs, have degassing effect, thereby improving the mechanical performance and service life of the work; the working environment is good, the operation is safe, and there is no pollution and pollution.

Vacuum heat treatment can achieve almost all heat treatment processes, such as quenching, annealing, tempering, carburizing, nitriding, gas quenching, oil quenching, nitrate quenching, water quenching, vacuum brazing, sintering, surface treatment, etc. in the quenching process, so it is more and more widely used in the heat treatment industry.

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Vacuum Furnace Suitable for Use in Radiator Heating System

The main purpose of using Hot-pressing Sintering Furnace is to heat. In the process of heating, the heating rate is required to be fast. The selected heating materials must ensure good thermal conductivity, and can not produce deformation and a large amount of heat loss at high temperature, so as to ensure stable performance in a period of time.

When choosing heating elements, we should also deal with the chemical properties of the products according to our own needs, so as to avoid the material of heating elements affecting the quality of the workpiece. Therefore, the heating elements should be selected reasonably in vacuum furnace.

In normal experiments, if there is a liquid, it needs a process of liquid evaporation (which can be vaporized without heating under high vacuum), and can be vaporized by vacuum pulling for a long time to achieve high vacuum (equal stability).

If the target air pressure is not reached for a long time, the system and Roots pump should be considered. You can directly measure the limit vacuum of Roots pump (without access to other systems). If it is intact, it is the sealing performance of the system.

The design temperature of the heat medium of the radiator hot water heating system is generally determined according to the thermal comfort requirement, the safety and economy of the system operation. The temperature of water supply does not exceed 95 C, which ensures that the heat medium does not vaporize under atmospheric pressure. In the past, the temperature of water supply and return is 95 C/70 C.

However, in recent years, according to the advanced experience of heating at home and abroad, proper reduction of the temperature of heat medium is conducive to improving comfort, so 80/60 C is often used. Vacuum hot water boiler meets the requirement of 80/60 C of inlet and outlet water temperature in the design of radiator heating system.

Nowadays, even if the design water temperature is 95/70 C, when the design outdoor temperature is reached, the running water temperature of the residential building heated by urban heat network or district central boiler room can generally be only about 70/55 C, which can ensure the design indoor temperature.

Because the main factors determining the efficiency of the radiator are the radiation area of the radiator and the velocity of the medium inside the radiator (which has little relation to the temperature of the medium), and the same amount of heat carried by the same circulating water with the same temperature difference.

Vacuum hot water boilers differ from traditional boilers (95/70 C) in the radiator heating system mainly because the heating time of rooms is 4-5 minutes slower than that of traditional boilers.

Direct-Brazing-Technology-of-Ceramics

Reasons-and-Solutions-for-Abnormal-Color-of-Products-Heat-Treated-in-Vacuum-Furnace

Vacuum-Gas-Quenching-Furnace-Cautions

What-are-the-causes-of-vacuum-furnace-explosion

Induction vacuum Furnace Composition

The composition of induction smelting furnace includes medium frequency power supply, capacitor cabinet, furnace body, mechanical tilting device (or hydraulic tilting device), water distributor, crucible mould (or graphite crucible, iron crucible), water-cooled cable and connecting copper bar.

The furnace lining is divided into acid refractory and alkaline refractory. The acid lining is made of quartz sand containing more than 98% silicon dioxide. Because of its low melting point and poor stability, it is mainly used for smelting and heat preservation of non-ferrous metals and cast iron. The alkaline lining is made of magnesia containing more than 85% magnesia, which is used for smelting special steel and nickel-based alloy. Furnace lining is made of refractories with proper size ratio by dry or wet method, which need to be compact and non-stratified. The initial smelting should be heated slowly to avoid cracking.

In smelting, metals are heated by induction and then transmitted to the slag, so the slag temperature is lower and the interface between steel and slag is smaller because of the furnace structure, which is not conducive to the physical and chemical reaction between the molten pool and slag. Therefore, in smelting special steel or nickel-based alloy, better raw materials should be used to quickly heat and melt according to the burning loss of each element. When a large amount of burden has been melted, slag should be added to reduce oxidation. Slag should be compatible with furnace lining. After full melting, deoxidizers (ferrosilicon powder, calcium silicate powder, aluminium powder, etc.) are added in batches according to the composition of the finished product. Sampling and analysis are carried out when necessary to adjust the composition. When the composition is qualified and the deoxidation is good, the steel can be tapped. Cast iron is not oxidized seriously during melting and holding, and the requirement of metallurgical quality is low. It can give full play to the advantages of easy operation of induction heating.

Vacuum-Carburizing-Furnace-Carburizing-Technology

Vacuum-Furnace-Heat-Treatment-Skills

Vacuum-Sintering-Furnace-for-Powder-Metallurgy-Process

Induction Furnace Melting Cast Iron

The process of iron melting in induction furnace is relatively stable, the composition is easy to adjust, the temperature is easy to control, and the burning loss in the melting process is less. In particular, compared with cupola, the consumption of nodular cast iron is conducive to obtaining low-sulfur liquid iron, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, the quality of castings is relatively stable, and low-cost raw materials can also be applied. But everything always has duality. In the consumption theory of iron melting by induction furnace, there are also some casting defects, which are the common and easy-to-produce specificity of induction furnace.

(1) With the increase of whiteness and undercooling, the number of nuclei in liquid iron of induction furnace is less than that of cupola. It is concluded that with the prolongation of holding time and the improvement of melting (superheating) temperature, the root structure of cast iron varies, the number of eutectic clusters decreases, and the whitening depth increases gradually.

(2) The structure of D-type and E-type graphite presents. When the molten iron is superheated to a higher temperature and kept warm for a long time, the number of A-type graphite is easily reduced in the obtained hypoeutectic gray iron. The proportion of D-type and E-type graphite increases and the degree of supercooling increases in the obtained cast iron structure. This kind of undercooled graphite affects the cutting performance of mechanical processing. The strength and hardness of cast iron will be affected by the prolongation of holding time when the amount of ferrite in the root structure of cast iron increases and the graphite of D and E type appears.

(3) Shrinkage and external shrinkage of iron castings. As the molten iron keeps warm for a long time, casting defects will appear in cast iron. In addition to the increase of whiteness tendency and the dissimilation of matrix structure mentioned above, shrinkage holes and external shrinkage defects will also occur during solidification. Thin-walled castings (single cast piston rings) are prone to excessive edge hardness or whiteness defects; mechanical parts with large wall thickness difference are prone to produce unfamiliar looseness, shrinkage or shrinkage holes at the thick wall of castings. Create defects. In addition to the effect of long-term heat preservation of molten iron, it is also related to the heavy oxidation of metal burden which takes part in rusting.

Vacuum-Furnace-Gas-Deposition

Vacuum-Heat-Treatment-Furnace-for-Graphite-Electrothermal-Elements

vacuum-tempering-furnace-of-maintenance

Vacuum High Pressure Gas Quenching Furnace

Vacuum annealing furnace: Vacuum annealing furnace can be divided into single chamber, double chamber and vertical type. Vacuum annealing furnace can choose medium and high temperature and low temperature according to the material of parts, (medium and high temperature 800 C~1350 C, low temperature 800 C).

Vacuum high pressure gas quenching furnace is suitable for vacuum heat treatment of high speed steel, stainless steel, die steel and other materials with good hardenability. It is characterized by small deformation of parts and no cleaning after heat treatment. The shortcomings are that quenching gas can not be recovered and the cost is high. Vacuum high pressure gas quenching furnace can be divided into horizontal type and vertical type. Horizontal type can be divided into single room, double room and three rooms. Vertical type is suitable for heat treatment of ring-shaped, cylindrical and long rod-shaped parts. The quenching pressure of vacuum high pressure gas quenching furnace is generally 2B a r~10b a r. According to the user's needs, we can choose the furnace type which is suitable for pressure.

Vertical-High-Pressure-Gas-Quenching-Furnace

Customized-vacuum-annealing-furnace

heat-treatment/vacuum-water-quenching-furnace

Vacuum Oil Quenching Furnace widespreadness

Vacuum oil quenching furnace is suitable for vacuum heat treatment of die steel, spring steel, stainless steel, bearing steel, superalloy steel, etc. Its main characteristics are wide range of suitable materials, strong hardenability, low cost and reusable quenching oil. The shortcomings are: the deformation is relatively large, and the workpiece needs to be cleaned in the follow-up. The vacuum oil quenching furnace can be divided into two-chamber furnace and three-chamber furnace.

For gas quenching furnaces, oil quenching furnaces are more suitable for processing small pieces of materials with higher hardenability (such as 35CrMnSi small pieces) and high hardenability materials. Oil quenching furnaces are more widely used than the former, because the maximum cooling rate of high pressure gas is much lower than that of quenching oil, but the operation and maintenance of gas quenching furnaces are simpler than the latter. In a word, the choice of furnace is mainly based on the heat treatment performance of the product.

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Vacuum-sintering-furnace-for-powder-injection-moulding

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Vacuum oil quenching furnace

Vacuum tempering furnace: Vacuum tempering furnace can be divided into single chamber, double chamber and vertical type. Generally, nickel-chromium strip is used to heat the highest temperature of 800 C. Vacuum tempering furnace is generally applicable to require that the surface of parts after tempering is bright and no oxidizing color.

Vacuum oil quenching furnace is suitable for vacuum heat treatment of die steel, spring steel, stainless steel, bearing steel, superalloy steel, etc. Its main characteristics are wide range of suitable materials, strong hardenability, low cost and reusable quenching oil. The shortcomings are: the deformation is relatively large, and the workpiece needs to be cleaned in the follow-up. The vacuum oil quenching furnace can be divided into two-chamber furnace and three-chamber furnace.

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Best-vacuum-gas-quenching-furnace

Tool-steel-vacuum-carburizing-furnace

Vacuum Furnace of Application

Vacuum furnace is a complete set of equipment for hot-pressing material under vacuum (or other atmosphere), which mainly uses resistance or induction heating, and the pressure is up and down on the pressure head driven by the cylinder. At high temperature, the solid particles of green billet bond with each other, grain growth, voids (pore) and grain boundaries gradually reduce, through the transfer of material, its total volume shrinkage, density increase, and then become a compact polycrystalline sintered body with a certain micro-structure, thus pressing the material into shape. The simultaneous action of high temperature, pressure and vacuum or atmosphere can significantly improve the density, hardness and other mechanical, electronic and thermal properties of the product.

Vacuum Furnace of Application:

1. Hot pressing sintering of metal and ceramic powders

2. Preparation of Ceramic/Metal Composites and Intermetallic Compounds

3. Research and Development of Diffusion Welding Technology

4. Densified Hot Pressure Sintering of Oxygen/Nitrogen/Boron/Carbon Compounds and Their Mixtures

Brazing-principle

Vacuum-Sintering-Furnace-Powder-Metallurgy-Technology

Vacuum-Furnace-Melting-of-Nonferrous-Metal-Alloys

Heating-Sintering-of-Refractory-Metal-Intermediate-Compound-Powder

Vacuum Annealing Furnace Technology

Full-fiber DOUBLE-HEARTH hood resistance furnace is a periodic operation furnace, which is specially used for annealing and heat treatment of titanium tube and titanium alloy tube in vacuum protection atmosphere.

The furnace is used in conjunction with the PID intelligent temperature program control system, which can automatically indicate, control and record the temperature of the furnace.

Vacuum Annealing Furnace Equipment of Characteristics:

1. The equipment consists of two fixed stoves, a fixed stove body at one end of 14 meters and a movable heating cover. The fixed stove holds a vacuum muffle tank. The workpiece is heated in the vacuum muffle tank. The furnace temperature uniformity is high (< 10 C).

2. Full-fiber energy-saving lining can save more than 30% energy compared with composite brick-concrete lining.

3. In the vacuum annealing furnace, the movable hood is equipped with one end and a fixed door sealed by a vacuum muffle tank (with two masks sharing a movable door). The fixed furnace body is equipped with one end and a fixed door sealed by a vacuum muffle tank, and the other end is open type, with a sealing device, so that when the movable hood is combined with the movable hood, it can seal reliably and naturally with the furnace mouth.

4. The side knife type soft seal is used between the vacuum annealing hearth and the cover of the vacuum annealing furnace. The side knife of the hearth is inserted into the fiber of the cover when the cover enters the furnace, which makes the sealing between the hearth and the outside of the furnace adiabatic and simple and reliable.

Vacuum-Furnace-ultra-low-Carbon-Steel-Produced

Vacuum-Tempering-Furnace-of-Heating-Process

Vacuum-Furnace-Cooling-System

Vacuum-Gas-Quenching-Furnace-for-Powder-Materials

Vacuum Furnace Installation

Vacuum furnaces may not be new to everyone, but there will be various problems about the equipment of vacuum furnaces, so how to install the vacuum furnaces correctly? How to use the vacuum furnaces correctly?

When installing graphite electrothermal elements and water-cooled electrodes in vacuum furnace, attention should be paid to:

1. Be extremely careful when taking graphite components to prevent damage.
2. To tighten the bolt firmly to reach good electrical contact, do not exert too much force to prevent thread breaking.
2. The layout, installation location and civil conditions of the vacuum furnace provided in the reference paper. Choose the location of the Eternal Equipment and stop the civil construction. The installation site should be free of smoke and dust pollution, clean environment and dry air. It should not be put together with other equipment. It should adhere to the room temperature of 10-35 degrees Celsius, and the air should be smooth and bright.
3. Connect the pipeline to the refilling pipeline according to the vacuum furnace refilling system diagram, and propose to provide high purity nitrogen with purity of 99.99%-99.999% as refilling gas.
4. According to the water cooling system diagram, the intake and drainage pipes are connected to the inlet and drainage ports of the furnace respectively, providing water sources with pressure of 0.1-0.15 MPa, temperature of no less than 15 C and no higher than 30 C. It is better to provide circulating water and rust-proof water.
Fifth, according to the vacuum system diagram, the vacuum system is positioned, assembled and connected with the furnace body. When assembling, the O-ring is coated with a thin layer of vacuum grease, and the flange is tightened evenly.
6. The furnace body and control box of the vacuum furnace are grounded, and the grounding resistance is less than 4 Euros. The gauge cable of the instrument and the vacuum gauge should also be grounded.
7. Connect the power supply to the corresponding electrical connection points according to the electrical wiring diagram, check the voltage of the power supply, connect the control box, the power box and the wire and cable between the furnace body.
8. Provide a pneumatic air source with a minimum pressure of 0.5 MPa. Industrial nitrogen can be used. If compressed air is used, self-contained pneumatic "three parts" (such as oil mist, pressure reducer and water separator) will be provided.
9. Other parts of vacuum furnace, including conduits, measuring instruments, etc.

Electrical-Resistance-Furnace-Vacuum-Sintering-Furnace-for-Ceramics

Vacuum-Glass-Annealing-Furnace-with-Non-Oxidation-Heating

Electric-Well-Type-Vacuum-Annealing-Furnace-for-Wire-Drawing-Process

Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace of Application

vacuum gas quenching furnace Structural characteristics :

The heating chamber adopts stainless steel skeleton and new carbon felt composite material, which has less deformation, high temperature and high pressure resistance, long service life and easy maintenance. Graphite tube heater is easy to install and maintain with low failure rate. Air-cooled by jet cooling, graphite nozzle circumferential distribution, so that the high-pressure air flow more reasonable (part of the main air duct air volume can be adjusted, customers can control part of the main air duct air volume according to the characteristics of the workpiece), can effectively control the deformation of the workpiece. High-speed, high-pressure and large-flow fan, copper-copper high-efficiency circular heat exchanger, to achieve high-speed cooling. The fan can adopt single speed, double speed and variable frequency speed regulation to control the air cooling speed. The heating chamber can also adopt all-metal structure to meet the solid solution treatment requirements of titanium alloy and precision alloy. The electronic control system adopts the way of PLC and programmable temperature controller, realizes three control modes: automatic, semi-automatic and manual, and has flexible operation.

vacuum gas quenching furnace Application:

It is mainly used for quenching of high speed steel, die steel and stainless steel, solid solution treatment of stainless steel and titanium alloy, vacuum heat treatment of magnetic materials, high temperature brazing and vacuum sintering.

Vacuum-Brazing-furnace-Double-Chambers

Regenerative-Double-Chamber-Melting-Furnace

Lab-Dental-Zirconia-Sintering-Furnace

Vacuum Furnace Technology

Vacuum furnace plays an irreplaceable role in mould production, mainly used for ceramic firing, vacuum smelting, degassing of electric vacuum parts, annealing, brazing of metal parts, and ceramic-metal sealing.

Vacuum heat treatment of vacuum furnace can realize almost all heat treatment processes, such as quenching, annealing, tempering, carburizing, nitriding, gas quenching, oil quenching, nitrate quenching, water quenching, vacuum brazing, sintering, surface treatment and so on. Vacuum furnace has high thermal efficiency, can achieve rapid heating and cooling, can achieve no oxidation, no decarbonization, no carburization, can remove the phosphorus chip on the surface of the workpiece, and degreasing and degassing, so as to achieve the effect of surface bright purification. Generally speaking, the processed workpiece is heated slowly in the furnace, the difference of internal heat temperature is small, and the thermal stress is small, so the deformation is small. The qualified rate of products is high. The utility model can reduce the cost and has the function of degassing, thereby improving the mechanical performance and service life of the work. Good working environment, safe operation, no pollution and pollution. The treated workpiece has no danger of hydrogen embrittlement. It can prevent surface hydrogen embrittlement of titanium and refractory metal shell. The vacuum heat treatment process has good stability and repeatability. With these advantages, the development of vacuum heat treatment equipment and technology has been paid more and more attention and applied more and more widely.

Vacuum heat treatment is a comprehensive technology combining vacuum technology with heat treatment. It refers to all and part of heat treatment process carried out in vacuum. China divides vacuum into low, medium, high and ultra-high vacuum.

High-Temperature-Vacuum-Electric-Tube-Furnace-for-Heat-Treatment

Continuous-Vacuum-Induction-Melting-Furnace-for-Precision-Casting

Vacuum-Induction-Melting-Furnace-for-Melting-and-Casting

Vacuum-Consumable-Electrode-Arc-Furnace-for-Remelting

Heat Treatment Technology of Vacuum Furnace

Vacuum furnace heat treatment technology is a new type of heat treatment technology which combines vacuum furnace technology with heat treatment technology. Vacuum furnace environment of vacuum furnace heat treatment address refers to atmospheric environment below one atmospheric pressure, including low vacuum furnace, medium vacuum furnace, high vacuum furnace and ultra-high vacuum furnace. Vacuum furnace heat treatment practice is also attributed to atmosphere-controlled heat treatment.

Vacuum furnace heat treatment refers to all and part of the heat treatment process in the vacuum furnace state. Vacuum furnace heat treatment can end almost all the conventional heat treatment can touch the heat treatment process, but the quality of heat treatment is greatly improved. Compared with conventional heat treatment, vacuum furnace heat treatment can end oxidation-free, decarbonization-free and carburization-free. Vacuum furnace heat treatment process is a new heat treatment skill combining vacuum furnace skills with heat treatment skills. Vacuum furnace environment of vacuum furnace heat treatment address refers to the atmosphere environment below an atmospheric pressure, including low vacuum furnace, medium vacuum furnace, high vacuum furnace and high vacuum furnace. The practice of heat treatment in UHV and vacuum furnaces is also attributed to atmosphere-controlled heat treatment.

Vacuum furnace heat treatment refers to all and part of the heat treatment process in the vacuum furnace state. Vacuum furnace heat treatment can end almost all the conventional heat treatment can touch the heat treatment process, but the quality of heat treatment is greatly improved. Compared with conventional heat treatment, vacuum furnace heat treatment can end non-oxidation, no decarbonization, no carburization, remove scales on the surface of the workpiece, degrease and degassing, and then reach the effect of bright surface purification.

Aluminum-Heat-Exchanger-Vacuum-Brazing-Furnace

1200c-Electric-Vacuum-Furnace-for-Heat-Treatment-Furnace

Customized-Stainless-Steel-Diamond-Vacuum-Brazing-Furnace

Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace

Some Common Faults and Removal Methods of Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace

1. In the high temperature experiment, if the temperature change can not reach the experimental temperature value, we can check the electrical system and clean the defects one by one. If the temperature rises very slowly, we should check the wind cycle system to see whether the wind cycle control baffle is turned over normally, and vice versa, to see whether the wind cycle motor operation is normal. If the temperature overshoot is fierce, the setting parameters of PID need to be adjusted. Assuming that the temperature rises directly and the overtemperature is protected, the control surface must be replaced if the controller is defective.

2. When the equipment suddenly presents defects in the process of experimental operation, the corresponding defects appear on the control surface and there are sound alarm prompts. Operators can quickly find out which kind of defect is attributed to in the chapter of defect cleaning in operation and operation of equipment, and then ask professionals to quickly clean the defect to ensure the normal operation of the experiment. There will be other phenomena in the operation of other environmental laboratory equipment, so we need to analyze and clean up the specific phenomena.

3. If the low temperature can't reach the principle of experiment, then you need to inquire about the change of temperature. It is the slow drop of temperature, or the rising trend of temperature after the temperature reaches a certain value. The former should check whether the working room is dried before the vacuum furnace does the low temperature experiment, so that the working room insists on monotony and then puts the experimental sample into the working room for further experiment, whether the experimental sample is placed in the working room or not. Too much, so that the indoor air can not be fully recycled, after cleaning up the above reasons, we should consider whether the refrigeration system is defective, so we need to ask the professional personnel of the manufacturer to repair.

heat-treatment-vacuum-lab-furnace-for-graphite-powder

High-Temperature-Silicon-Carbide-Vacuum-Sintering-Furnace

High-Temperature-Uniformity-Pre-Vacuum-Furnace-for-Tempering

Vacuum Tempering Furnace Basic Summary

Vacuum heat treatment of vacuum tempering furnace, which combines vacuum technology with heat treatment, refers to all and part of the heat treatment process carried out in vacuum. Vacuum heat treatment furnace has high thermal efficiency, can achieve rapid heating and cooling, can achieve no oxidation, no decarbonization, no carburization, can remove the phosphorus chip on the surface of the workpiece, and has the function of degreasing and degassing, so as to achieve the effect of surface bright purification.

Industrial furnace manufacturers divide vacuum into low, medium, high and ultra-high vacuum according to our country. Vacuum heat treatment can achieve almost all heat treatment processes, such as quenching, annealing, tempering, carburizing, nitriding, gas quenching, oil quenching, nitrate quenching, water quenching, vacuum brazing, sintering, surface treatment and so on. Vacuum heat treatment furnace has high thermal efficiency, can achieve rapid heating and cooling, can achieve no oxidation, no decarbonization, no carburization, can remove the phosphorus chip on the surface of the workpiece, and has the function of degreasing and degassing, so as to achieve the effect of surface bright purification. Generally speaking, the processed workpiece is heated slowly in the furnace, the difference of internal heat temperature is small, and the thermal stress is small, so the deformation is small. The qualified rate of products is high. The utility model can reduce the cost and has the function of degassing, thereby improving the mechanical performance and service life of the work. Good working environment, safe operation, no pollution and pollution. The treated workpiece has no danger of hydrogen embrittlement. It can prevent surface hydrogen embrittlement of titanium and refractory metal shell. The vacuum heat treatment process has good stability and repeatability. With these advantages, the development of vacuum heat treatment equipment and technology has been paid more and more attention and applied more and more widely.

Oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and other oxidizing gases exist in the air when metal materials are heated in air furnaces. Oxygen films or oxide scales are easily formed on the heated metal surface due to the oxidation of these gases with the metal, and the original metallic luster is completely lost. These gases also react with carbon in metals to decarbonize their surfaces. If the furnace contains carbon monoxide or methane gas, it will also increase the carbon on the metal surface. For Ti, Zr and insoluble metals W, Mo, Nb and Ta with very active chemical properties, heating in an air furnace not only generates oxides, hydrides and nitrides, but also absorbs these gases and diffuses them into the metal, which seriously deteriorates the properties of metal materials. These disadvantages, such as oxidation, decarbonization, carburization, gas absorption and even corrosion, are sometimes unavoidable when heated in controlled atmosphere or salt bath furnaces. In order to solve this problem, the usual practice of mesh belt furnace manufacturers is to leave processing allowance before heat treatment, and remove oxidation and decarbonization layer after heat treatment.

Cyclical-vacuum-induction-melting-furnace-used-ladle-refining-furnace

Good-quality-unique-vacuum-hot-press-sintering-furnace

Double-room-High-Pressure-Quenching-Vacuum-Furnace

Electric-2000-C-copper-brazing-vacuum-furnace

High Temperature Vacuum Atmosphere Furnace Cautions

Here are some points for attention in the use of high temperature vacuum furnace

1. Workpiece-workpiece truck must be cleaned and dried before it enters the furnace to prevent water and dirt from entering the furnace.

2. When each transmission part finds clamp position, inaccurate limit, control failure and other phenomena, it should be eliminated immediately, and not be forced to operate, so as to avoid damage to the machine parts.

3. High-temperature vacuum furnace should not be overloaded. The maximum operating temperature of high-temperature vacuum furnace refers to the allowable surface temperature of components in vacuum, not the temperature of heating materials or the temperature around heating elements. It should be noted that the temperature of the vacuum electrothermal element itself is 100 C higher than that of the surrounding medium or the heated temperature.

4. When measuring the temperature uniformity of high temperature vacuum furnace, attention should be paid to the location and binding of temperature measuring contacts, as well as the distance from heating elements. In high temperature vacuum furnace, brushes, brooms, compressed air and vacuum cleaners are often used to clean the furnace (at least every day or before each shift is used). Impurities such as oxide scales in the furnace should be prevented from falling on the electric heating elements, short circuit occurring, and even burning molybdenum heating rods. The bottom plate, molybdenum heating rod, furnace insulation layer and other heat-resistant steel components should be cleaned up every time they are used for a period of time. Striking is strictly prohibited, and the oxide scales can be carefully removed. If impurities such as iron oxide scale are not removed in time, there will be a fire between the melting point and the insulation layer, which will melt the molybdenum wire.

5. To avoid reactions between heating elements and products, especially contact with vacuum heating elements such as copper, aluminium, zinc, tin and lead, no matter fine powder, molten liquid or steam, to prevent corrosion on the surface of electric heater from forming "pits" with smaller cross-section, and finally overheating and burning.

High-Temperature-Vacuum-Gas-Furnace-for-heat-treatment

High-pressure-gas-quenching-vacuum-furnace-Used-for-bright-quenching

Brass-Scrap-Vacuum-Induction-Melting-Furnace

Induction Furnace working Principle

Vacuum induction furnace is a complete set of equipment which makes use of the principle of medium frequency induction heating to make cemented carbide cutters and various metal powder compacts under vacuum or protective atmosphere.

Designed for industrial production of cemented carbide, dysprosium metal and ceramics. VSWF Vacuum Induction Tungsten Hydrogen Furnace I. Main Principles and Applications Vacuum Induction Tungsten Furnace Fills Hydrogen after Vacuum Extraction

Under the protective condition, the tungsten crucible in the coil can produce high temperature by using the principle of medium frequency induction heating, which can be transmitted to work by thermal radiation. It is suitable for scientific research and military units to refractory.

Powder forming of alloys such as tungsten, molybdenum and their alloys. Secondly, the main structure and composition of the structure are mostly vertical and discharge mode. Its main components are: electric furnace body, vacuum system,Water cooling system, pneumatic system, hydraulic system, feeding and discharging mechanism, base, worktable, induction heating device (tungsten heater and advanced thermal insulation material), feeding device, medium frequency power supply and electricity

Gas control system, etc. 3. The main function is to fill hydrogen protection gas after vacuum pumping to control the pressure and atmosphere in the furnace. Optical fibre infrared radiation thermometer and armoured heat Coupler continuous temperature measurement (0-2500 C), and through the intelligent temperature controller compared with the setting program, select the execution state feedback to the intermediate frequency power supply, automatic control of temperature and insulation range.

heat-treatment-electric-annealing-vacuum-furnace-for-metallic-brazing

Quartz-Crucible-Muffle-Furnace-In-Testing-Equipment-For-Lab

Top-quality-50kg-vacuum-induction-melting-furnace