Heat Treatment Processing Technology of Experimental Electric Furnace

Heat treatment methods generally include three whole processes: heating, heat preservation and cooling. Sometimes only two whole processes are needed. These processes are interlinked and cannot be interrupted.

When metal material is heated, the workpiece is exposed to gas, which often produces air oxidation and decarbonization (that is, the carbon content on the surface of iron and steel parts decreases), which is harmful to the surface characteristics of the parts after quenching and tempering. Therefore, metal materials should be heated in controllable or protective atmosphere, molten salt and vacuum, and protective heating can also be carried out by coating or packaging.

The heating of experimental electric furnace is one of the important processes of quenching and tempering treatment. There are many ways of heat treatment of metals. At first, charcoal and coal were used as pyrogens, and liquid and gas fuels were used. The use of electricity makes heating easy to control and free from air pollution. These pyrogens can be heated immediately and indirectly through molten salts or metal materials or even floating particles.

The cooling of the experimental electric furnace is also an indispensable process in the whole process of heat treatment. The cooling mode varies with the process. The key is to control the cooling rate. Generally, the cooling rate of annealing is the slowest, normalizing is faster and quenching is faster. However, there are different requirements because of different steel grades. For example, air-hardened steel can be hardened by normalizing at the same cooling rate.

Heating temperature is one of the important process parameters of heat treatment method. Selecting and manipulating heating temperature is the key to ensure the quality of quenching and tempering treatment. The heating temperature varies with the purpose of the treated metal materials and quenching and tempering, but it is generally heated above the phase transition temperature to obtain the high temperature structure. Another change takes a certain time, so when the surface of the metal workpiece exceeds the required heating temperature, the temperature must be maintained for a certain period of time, so that the internal and external temperatures are consistent, so that the microstructures change completely. This period is called holding time. When choosing high energy density heating and surface conditioning treatment, the heating rate is very fast, generally there is no heat preservation time, and the heat preservation time of chemical conditioning treatment is often longer.

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