Vacuum Furnace Melting of Nonferrous Metal Alloys

The process of nonferrous metal melting and ingot casting in vacuum furnace from lower than normal pressure to higher vacuum (from less than 100kPa to 1.3*10-10Pa). It is not only the production of refractory, rare and active metal materials, but also the important modern smelting technology to obtain high purity and high quality metal materials.

In 1917, vacuum smelting began to transfer from laboratory to factory scale. At that time, only a small amount of nickel-based alloys, thermocouples and resistance heating materials could be smelted. During and after World War II, with the development of vacuum technology and the need of military industry and modern science and technology for high performance new metal materials, vacuum smelting has developed rapidly. Titanium materials began to be produced in large quantities in the 1950s. In the 1970s, there were tens of tons or even hundreds of tons of vacuum smelting equipment, and now it has developed into an important production department of special materials equipped with modern technology and equipment.

Vacuum smelting can produce metals with high purity, uniform material, low gas content, less impurities, fewer defects and excellent processability because of its strong purification, volatile impurities, good deoxidization effect, thermal decomposition of some nitrides and hydrides, and some chemical reactions that can not be carried out in the atmosphere, especially those formed by gas products. Material Science. High purity barium, hafnium, vanadium and thorium, superalloys, thermoelectric alloys and magnetic materials, active metal titanium and zirconium, refractory metal tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium and copper and nickel alloys for electric vacuum are all produced by vacuum remelting. The main vacuum smelting equipments and methods are vacuum induction furnace smelting, true arc furnace smelting (see non-ferrous metal alloy vacuum arc furnace smelting) and electron beam furnace smelting.

Vacuum induction furnace smelting is to place inductors and crucibles in vacuum and melt them in 1.3 *10-2-1.3 *10-3a vacuum for the production of high temperature and precision alloys. Electron beam furnace (EBF) melting is a process in which electron beams are emitted by one or more electron guns in high vacuum (1.3 *10-1~1.3 *10-5Pa), and the melted object is bombarded and dripped into a water-cooled copper crystallizer to form ingots. Electron beam furnace smelting is suitable for the smelting of ultrapure metals and refractory metals.

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